Tragedy of the Kosice City Jews.
Pictured here are Jews being brought to Kosice, Czechoslovakia from surrounding villages on April 17, 1944. Deportations to Auschwitz began on May 15; the final transport of Jews from Kosice was sent on June 3, 1944.http://www.kosice.sk/history/zidovsky/tragedy.htm
Dr. Ivan Kolín
The tragedy of the Kosice City Jews is tragedy of Slovakia and Hungary as well. Kosice City belonged to Hungary during WWII. Kosice City came under Hungarian control after the Vienna Arbitration on November 2, 1938. The Hungarian Army occupied the city on November 10, 1938.
During Census in occupied South Slovakian territory, there were 11,420 inhabitants of Jewish faith or ancestry in Kosice City. It was the largest population of Jews in occupied South Slovakia.
When the Germans took over Hungary on March 19, 1944, the pace for the extermination of the Jewish community from Kosice City was stepped up. Prime Minister Demeter Stojay of the Hungarian government decided about final liquidation of Jews already on March 29, 1944.
Starting on April 5, 1944 various restriction orders were issued. According to these orders Jews were obliged to wear yellow ”Star of David”, displayed visibly on their clothing. They were no longer allowed to use public transportation, visit theaters, movies, coffee houses, or public spas. They had to record all their property with city authorities. There was a curfew for Jews from 7 PM to 6 AM. Their businesses and workshops were closed and confiscated and they were ordered to hand over their radio receivers.
With presence of the State Secretary of the Ministry of Interior L. Endre, on April 24, 1944 a concentration camp was established in Kosice City brick factory. According to Kosice City Police District order dated April 24, 1944 Jews were assembled in today’s Puskin Street, Zvonarska Street, and Gresakova Street synagogues. From these they were escorted into the brick factory concentration camp. In two camps at the brick factory they crowded 10 590 Jews.
 | Disused furniture vans sent by fellow Jews from Bratislava for the children and seriously ill. CL:Wiener Library, London |
Other groups of the Jewish community were located in the city ghetto, the city prison, and in a few other places. On April 20, 1944 there were total 13,250 Jews in Kosice City. This number shows there were an additional 3000 Jewish persons, coming from places other than Kosice City.
The Jewish ghetto was a strictly isolated part of city suburb and it was place of residence for Jews with some temporary exclusion. At this time the ghetto consisted of the streets in the southeast of the city. Inside the ghetto streets, which were closed by fences, Jews could not loiter or assemble on the streets.
Similarly to the Jews from the brick factory, ghetto inhabitants had to work downtown and return immediately. During the return trip they were subjected to humiliating personal body searches. Jews who were in the ghetto believed they had a little more hope to survive because they had relatively more freedom and generally better hygienic conditions for life.
Deportation of Jews started on May 16, 1944. They were transported by railway freight cars. Railroad track leading directly into the brick factory allowed loading of freight cars in the brick factory. In four trainloads all concentrated Jews were sent to Oswiencim in Poland and the last trainload took place on June 4, 1944.
In the gas chambers of Oswiencim about 12 000 Kosice City Jews perished.
Once a sizable portion of the entire city population, only a fragment of the Jewish community returned to Kosice City after the war.
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Translation: Ing. Vojtech Vala / Beltsville -USA /
Divrei yemei kehilot Kosice
The Story of the Jewish community of Kosice
Yehuda Schlanger, others 1993 Bne-Brak
Statute issued in Koice" [Kaschau], Slovakia, April 5, 1945
posted by Avramovitz Avraham אברמוביץ אברהם @ 1:31 AM
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